The most ancient Roman calendar of the most ancient Romans began in March - the beginning of fieldwork. And most of winter wasn't calculated at all - the calendar consisted of ten months and 304 days, and the remainder - the length of winter - was determined by eye by the pontifex maximus, the head of the priesthood. It was his job to decide when to begin the new year and tell his fellow citizens, "Enough lounging around in your togas, time to hit the plow."
A little later, the Romans adopted a different calendar, consisting of 355 days. Due to its discrepancy with the Earth's annual revolution around the sun, they added an extra month every few years. This was also done by the chief priest.
In 46 BC, the consul Julius Caesar, also serving as pontifex maximus, decided to streamline the calendar. He invented the leap year - adding a single day every four years - and moved the beginning of the year to January 1st. The date was chosen in keeping with Roman tradition: harvests were gathered in the fall, then sold, debts and taxes were paid, and then, at the end of December, Saturnalia was celebrated to commemorate these events. This festival, dedicated to Saturn, the god of agriculture, was initially celebrated on December 17th, but the celebration was subsequently extended until it reached seven days...
When, finally, everyone had celebrated to their heart's content and come to their senses, it was time to begin a new economic year.
Julius Caesar's Julian calendar was slightly refined and modified in the late 16th century, making years divisible by 100 but not by 400 (for example, 1900) non-leap years. This calendar, the Gregorian, is what we and almost the entire world use today.12Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqQVDm9zLDw
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